Use the Apostrophe Correctly

We know that the possessive form of nouns in English is obtained by adding 's to the singular form. (John's book, the man's car). If the noun is plural and already ends in s, then we simply add the apostrophe. (The boys' hat, the dogs' tails). Note, however, that in English we use this possessive form only for persons and animals; generally we do not use it for things without life. Thus, we do not say "the house's roof" but the roof of the house." we do not say, "the table's top" but "the top of the table."

Use an apostrophe in a contraction to indicate that one or more letters have been eliminated. Using the full form of a verb is more appropriate in formal writing.

• CONTRACTED: We'd intended to address the question of equal rights, but it's too late to begin the discussion now.

One of the most common errors involving use of the apostrophe is using it in the contraction you're or it's to indicate the possessive form of you or it. When you write you're, ask yourself whether you mean you are. If not, the correct word is your. Similarly, are you sure you mean it is? If not, use the possessive form its.

• INCORRECT: You're chest of drawers is ugly.
• CORRECT: Your chest of drawers is ugly.

• INCORRECT: The dog hurt it's paw.
• CORRECT: The dog hurt its paw.

Use the apostrophe to indicate the possessive form of a noun.

Note: The word boy's could have one of three meanings:

The boy's an expert at chess. (contraction: The boy is…)

The boy's left for the day. (contraction: The boy has…)

The boy's face was covered with pie. (possessive: The face of the boy)

The word boy's can have only one meaning: a plural possessive the_of the boys).

• CORRECT: Ms. Fox's office is on the first floor.
• CORRECT: The Foxes' apartment has a wonderful view.

Possessive pronouns do not use an apostrophe (with the exception of the neutral one, which forms its possessive by adding 's).

• INCORRECT: The tiny cabin had been our's for many years.
• CORRECT: The tiny cabin had been ours for many years.